fundamentals

Understanding Memory Management and Memory Leaks in Programming

The JavaScript event loop is a mechanism that enables non-blocking asynchronous operations in a single-threaded environment. It allows JavaScript to handle multiple tasks, like timers and network requests, without freezing the user interface. Key components include the call stack, Web APIs, callback queue, and microtask queue. This architecture ensures smooth execution of both synchronous and asynchronous code.

Memory regions are like your brain's filing cabinets: each drawer holds different stuff. The "heap" is where you throw new junk (dynamic memory), the "stack" is for short-term stuff like Post-its (local variables), the "data segment" holds the pre-set goodies (global/static variables), and the "text segment" is the instruction manual (code). Just don't let the drawers overflow – or it's chaos!

Java Exception Handling is a mechanism that helps manage runtime errors, ensuring the smooth execution of programs. Exceptions in Java are unexpected events or conditions, like division by zero, null references, or invalid input, that disrupt normal program flow. Java uses a robust try-catch block system to catch and handle these exceptions.